Department for Transport

Ferries: Wales

Lord Roberts of Llandudno: To ask Her Majesty's Government what recent assessment they have made of the effect of the UK’s departure from the EU on ferry crossings from Ireland to Welsh ports since 1 January.

Baroness Vere of Norbiton: The Department for Transport has had a number of discussions with ferry, port and haulage operators, in relation to Irish Sea traffic, since 1 January. It is too early to identify any longer-term trends or say what the longer-term impacts will be. The Government is, however, confident that Welsh ports, and Holyhead in particular, will continue to provide critical routes to and from the Republic of Ireland and continental Europe, irrespective of direct links for haulage between Ireland and France. The land bridge route has significant advantages for hauliers over maritime routes and the Government is confident that Welsh ports will continue to thrive, as we build on the opportunities provided by being an independent trading nation.

Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy

Local Government: Buildings

Lord Porter of Spalding: To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the resources local authorities will need to replace fossil fuel heating in their buildings and housing stock to meet the Government's net zero carbon emission targets.

Lord Callanan: The Government recognises that Local Authorities have an important part to play in tackling climate change, including in heat and buildings decarbonisation. Meeting our net-zero target will require virtually all heat in buildings to be decarbonised, and heat in industry to be reduced to close to zero carbon emissions. Local Authorities can play a number of important roles in heat and buildings decarbonisation, including decarbonising heat in their own buildings and raising awareness of the support available to increase voluntary uptake of low carbon heat and energy efficiency measures. Local Authorities are able to apply for funding to decarbonise heat in their buildings through the Public Sector Decarbonisation Scheme. We also work closely with Local Authorities to support heat pump and heat networks deployment through schemes such as the Local Authority Delivery scheme and Local Energy Hubs, as well as providing funding through the Social Housing Decarbonisation Fund to improve the energy performance of social homes. In addition, the Government is providing funding and prioritising support for councils to tackle climate change as part of the annual Sector Support Programme delivered by the Local Government Association in 2021/22. The upcoming Heat and Buildings Strategy will set out further details on how we plan to work with local authorities to meet our ambition on heat and buildings decarbonisation.

Electric Vehicles

Lord Porter of Spalding: To ask Her Majesty's Government what steps they have taken to ensure that (1) electricity networks have capacityto facilitate themass rollout of electric vehicles, and (2) the process of connecting electric vehicle charging points to those networks is effective and efficient.

Lord Callanan: Mechanisms are in place to ensure networks are prepared for the significant new demand for electricity from the transition to electric vehicles (EVs). Ofgem, as the independent regulator, use the price control framework to ensure that the network companies provide the required infrastructure to deliver the capacity to meet both current and future demand on the network. EVs also offer new opportunities for consumers to be part of a smarter and more flexible energy system. Smart charging can help reduce the need for additional network investment by shifting charging to off-peak periods. In 2019, the Government consulted on mandating that all private charge points sold or installed in the UK must have smart functionality and meet device level requirements. We intend to lay the relevant legislation later this year. Ensuring a smooth process for connecting EV charging points to the electricity networks is the responsibility of network operators at both the distribution and transmission levels, and they are incentivised to do so through the regulatory framework, also set by Ofgem. Officials from BEIS and the Office for Zero Emission Vehicles regularly meet both network operators and connection customers, such as fleet operators, from across the country to discuss the connection process and ensure that the needs of consumers are placed at the heart of the EV transition.

Renewable Energy: Heating

Lord Vaux of Harrowden: To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the level of Seasonal Coefficient of Performance which is achieved by air and ground source heat pumps in real-life installations compared to those stated in the Microgeneration Certification Scheme Product Directory; and what plans they have (1) to introducea requirementthat real-life performance and efficiency must be stated by manufacturers in advertising and technical literature, and (2) to ensure that purchasers and installers are able to make a realistic assessment of the likely running costs.

Lord Callanan: Based on historic evidence from trials we can assume that air source heat pumps have a Seasonal Coefficient of Performance of 2.4, while ground source heat pumps have a coefficient of 2.7. We are currently seeking to update our assumptions based on real-life data from the Electrification of Heat Demonstration Project and the Metering and Monitoring Service Packages, installed as part of the Renewable Heat Incentive. We understand that there may be a performance gap between stated efficiency and real-life efficiency. This is something we are seeking to address by working with the standard setting bodies to improve the accuracy of these measurements. We are also looking to develop a Home Suitability Model, as part of the Electrification of Heat Demonstration Project, to more clearly communicate to the public the expected running costs of heat pumps based on real-life performance.

Horizon Europe

Baroness Morgan of Huyton: To ask Her Majesty's Government when they will announce how much funding they will contribute as part of the UK's participation in Horizon Europe.

Lord Callanan: I refer the noble Baroness to the answer I have given her today to Question HL14523.

Developing Countries: Coronavirus

The Lord Bishop of Winchester: To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the impact of the cuts to UK Research and Innovation funding on (1) the role of the UK in supporting the global health response to COVID-19, and (2) the capacity of the UK to provide expertise to assist international development as proposed in theIntegrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy.

Lord Callanan: The challenging financial situation we face due to the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a temporary reduction in the UK’s aid spending target from 0.7% of GNI to 0.5%. This means making difficult decisions when it comes to prioritising how we spend aid money to deliver the most impactful outcomes. The Government recognises the importance of supporting international research partnerships and supporting the UK research sector. My Rt. Hon. Friend Mr Chancellor of the Exchequer committed to increase investment in R&D across government to £14.6bn in 2021/22; this will support our ambitions set out in the Integrated Review, which recognises the importance of international collaboration to a healthy and productive R&D sector. The Department is committed to delivering on the global health response to COVID. Despite the budgetary pressure caused by COVID last year, the Department mobilised £14.5m of ODA funding through the Global Challenges Research Fund and the Newton Fund to support research into COVID in developing country contexts. We are currently working with UKRI, and all our Global Challenges Research Fund and Newton Fund Delivery Partners, to manage the financial year 2021/22 ODA allocations.

Overseas Aid

Baroness Morgan of Huyton: To ask Her Majesty's Government which Official Development Assistance research projects, including those under the Global Challenges Research Fund are (1) being cut, or (2) having funding reduced; and whether any funding is being cut from projects relating to (a) girls' education, (b) food security and nutrition, (c) HIV, or (d) ventilators.

Baroness Morgan of Huyton: To ask Her Majesty's Government why Official Development Assistance (ODA) research funding is being cut at this time in the financial year; and what assessment they have made of the compatibility of such cuts to ODA with their stated aim of the UK becoming a "scientific superpower".

Lord Callanan: The challenging financial situation we face due to the Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a temporary reduction in the UK’s aid spending target from 0.7% of GNI to 0.5%. This means making difficult decisions when it comes to prioritising how we spend aid money to deliver the most impactful outcomes. The Government recognises the importance of supporting international research partnerships, and supporting the UK research sector. Our commitment to research and innovation has been clearly demonstrated by my Rt. Hon. Friend Mr Chancellor of the Exchequer’s Budget announcement of increasing investment in R&D across government to £14.6bn in 2021/22, and as has been set out in our Integrated Review ambitions, international collaboration is central to a healthy and productive R&D sector. We are currently working with UKRI, and all our Global Challenges Research Fund and Newton Fund Delivery Partners, to manage the financial year 2021/22 ODA allocations. UKRI have written this week to many GCRF award holders setting out the next stage of the review of ODA funding next year, and to explore options for individual programmes (full details have been published on the UKRI website). Until that work is complete, it will not be possible to give an accurate picture of the likely impact for individual GCRF programmes.

Horizon Europe

Baroness Morgan of Huyton: To ask Her Majesty's Government how theyintend to fund the UK's participation in the Horizon Europe research programme.

Lord Callanan: I am pleased that the UK reached an agreement to take part in the Horizon Europe programme. Association to Horizon has been welcomed by businesses and the research community and will bring huge benefits to the UK. We are continuing to work through the details of the costs for Horizon Europe. We will set out our plans for R&D spend in 2021/22 – including funding for Horizon Europe – in due course.

Horizon Europe

Lord Smith of Finsbury: To ask Her Majesty's Government what plans they have to maintain funding for the UK's participation in the Horizon programme at the same level as that before the UK's departure from the EU; and what plans they have to (1) maintain, and (2) enhance, the level of funding for UK Research and Innovation.

Lord Callanan: I'm pleased we reached agreement to take part in Horizon Europe, this is a great outcome for British businesses and researchers. We are continuing to work through the details of the costs for Horizon Europe. Similarly, we are currently working closely with our delivery partners, including UKRI, to develop the 2021/22 allocations and help them plan their implementation. We will set out our plans for R&D spend in 2021/22 – including funding for Horizon Europe and UKRI – in due course. We are increasing funding for research and development and putting it at the heart of economic and social recovery from the impacts of COVID-19, enabling us to build back better for a greener, healthier and more resilient UK. We are committed to increasing total UK investment in R&D to 2.4% of GDP by 2027.

Horizon Europe

Lord Smith of Finsbury: To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessmentthey have made of the impact on research outcomes of using funds from UK Research and Innovation to contribute to Horizon Europe.

Lord Callanan: We are continuing to work through the details of the costs for Horizon Europe. We will set out our plans for R&D spend in 2021/22 – including funding for Horizon Europe – in due course.

Department of Health and Social Care

Social Services: Minimum Wage

Lord Pendry: To ask Her Majesty's Government, further to the remarks by the Prime Minister on 8 July 2020 (HC Deb, col 964) that they will “invest massively in our care homes and in our care workers”, and further to the judgment in Royal Mencap Society (Respondent) v Tomlinson-Blake (Appellant) [2021] UKSC 8, what plans they have to legislate to provide that care workers are paid at least the national minimum wage for the entirety of a sleep-in shift.

Lord Bethell: The Supreme Court has upheld the Court of Appeal judgment. Workers on ‘sleep-in’ shifts are entitled to the minimum wage for the time they are awake for the purpose of working.The Government is considering the implications of the judgement with care commissioners and providers to consider what action, if any, is needed. We therefore have no plans to bring forward legislative proposals to amend National Minimum Wage regulations at this time.

Public Health: Grants

The Lord Bishop of London: To ask Her Majesty's Government what plans they have (1) to reverse the real terms cuts to public health grants for local authorities, and (2) to maintain the amount allocated for public health grants as a percentage of the total budget of NHS England.

Lord Bethell: The public health grant to local authorities in England was £3.279 billion in 2020/21, a £295.1 million real-terms increase. The public health allocations to local authorities in England for 2021-2 were published on 16 March, and the total public health grant to local authorities will be £3.324 billion, a rise of £332.4 million in cash terms. The grant will be ring fenced for use on public health functions and includes £23.4 million for routine commissioning of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Department for Education

Students: Ethnic Groups

Lord Taylor of Warwick: To ask Her Majesty's Government what steps they are taking to reduce the attainment gap between ethnic minority university students and other university students.

Lord Parkinson of Whitley Bay: It is more crucial than ever before that we tap into the brilliant talent that our country has to offer, and make sure that university places are available to all who are qualified by ability and attainment to pursue them and who wish to do so. All higher education providers wishing to charge higher levels fees must have an access and participation plan agreed by the Office for Students (OfS), the regulator for higher education. These plans set out how they will support students from disadvantaged backgrounds and under-represented groups, including students from ethnic minority backgrounds, to access, participate, and succeed in higher education and to progress from it. On 11 March the OfS published the access and participation data dashboard, which is used to identify gaps in access, continuation, attainment, and progression at English providers delivering undergraduate provision by different student characteristics. This is available here: https://www.officeforstudents.org.uk/data-and-analysis/access-and-participation-data-dashboard/. A breakdown of attainment rates by ethnicity, comparing 2015/16 and 2019/20, is below. (Degree attainment in the 2019/20 academic year may have been affected by the pandemic as many providers adopted no-detriment policies for their students.) Students achieving a first or upper-second class degree by ethnicityEnglish higher education providersAcademic years 2015/16 and 2019/20 Percentage achieving a first or upper-second class degreeEthnicity2015/162016/172017/182018/192019/20Asian67.9%70.6%71.9%71.4%78.8%Black55.2%57.3%58.9%60.1%68.2%Mixed73.4%75.3%78.0%77.4%83.0%Other66.4%68.1%68.8%67.9%76.6%White79.9%81.1%82.0%82.2%86.6%All ethnicities75.8%77.3%78.3%78.2%83.4%Source: Office for Students Access and Participation Dashboard The OfS has set itself and the higher education sector targets to address longstanding inequalities, including to eliminate the gap in degree outcomes between white and black students. Prior attainment is a key determinant of participation in higher education. This is why we are asking universities to take on a more direct role in raising attainment in schools, reaching out to people from under-represented and disadvantaged backgrounds to raise aspirations in schools.

Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office

Rwanda: Economic Situation and Politics and Government

Baroness Kennedy of Cradley: To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the political and economic situation in Rwanda.

Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon: As set out in our statement on Rwanda at the Human Rights Council in January, the UK Government is concerned about restrictions on civil and political rights and media freedom in Rwanda. Civil society and opposition parties in Rwanda must be able to operate freely, holding the Government of Rwanda to account and contributing to the debate on how Rwanda should be governed. We regularly raise specific cases of concern with the Rwandan Government and the Rwanda Investigation Bureau, and call for free and fair trials for all those in detention. We will continue to urge Rwanda, as a member of the Commonwealth, and future Chair-in-Office, to uphold and champion Commonwealth values of democracy, rule of law, and respect for human rights.Following strong growth for over a decade, the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically stalled economic progress and increased poverty in Rwanda. We welcome the Government of Rwanda's ongoing commitment to development and its COVID-19 response, which includes an economic recovery fund to support hard hit businesses, and expanded social protection programmes for the poorest and most vulnerable. However, this commitment to social and economic progress must be matched with gains in civil and political rights for its people.

Israel: Palestinians

Baroness Janke: To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of (1) the demolition of Palestinian homes in Al-Bustan, East Jerusalem, and (2) the displacement of Palestinian residents from that area.

Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon: The UK is supporting communities in Area C, whose homes have been demolished, to remain on their land. We continue to engage frequently with the Israeli authorities on issues affecting Palestinians, including demolitions. The UK urged the Government of Israel to end demolitions of property in the West Bank at the UN Security council on 25 February 2021. On the same day, the British Ambassador in Tel Aviv raised ongoing demolitions with the Israeli authorities in a meeting alongside like-minded partners. The Minister of State for the Middle East and North Africa called on Israel to stop demolitions on 5 February 2021 and raised his concerns about the demolitions of Palestinian homes and structures with the Israeli Ambassador on 29 October 2020.UK officials from the British Consulate in Jerusalem have made regular visits to areas at risk of demolition and eviction to reiterate UK support for those communities. The UK is clear that in all but the most exceptional of circumstances, demolitions are contrary to International Humanitarian Law. The practice causes unnecessary suffering to Palestinians and is harmful to efforts to promote peace.

Palestinians: Elections

Baroness Janke: To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the ability of Palestinians living in the Occupied Palestinian Territories to participate in the Palestinian elections scheduled for May; and what steps they will take to ensure that they are able to participate.

Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon: We have welcomed President Abbas' announcement of dates for legislative and Presidential elections in the Occupied Palestinian Territories for the first time since 2006. We encourage the Palestinian leadership to work toward strong, inclusive, accountable and democratic institutions, based on respect for the rule of law and human rights. Free and fair elections are an important and necessary step. The UK will work closely with the Palestinian Authority and international partners to support this, including encouraging the Government of Israel to allow elections in East Jerusalem, in keeping with the Oslo Accords.

Atef Yousef Hanaysha

Baroness Sheehan: To ask Her Majesty's Government what representations they have made to the government of Israel concerningthe reportedkilling of Atef Yousef Hanaysha by Israeli forces during a protest against the expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank.

Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon: We are aware of the reports surrounding the death of Atef Yousef Hanaysha. Whilst we have not made representations on this particular case, in instances where there have been accusations of excessive use of force, we continue to urge Israel to ensure that its investigations are transparent, swift and comprehensive. We also continue to stress the importance of the Israeli security forces providing appropriate protection to the Palestinian civilian population and urge restraint in the use of live fire.

Israel: Palestinians

Baroness Sheehan: To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of reports ofPalestinian families in the West Bankbeing attacked by Israeli settlers; what steps they will take to support such families;and what further representations they will make to the government of Israel to protect such families.

Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon: The UK condemns any incidence of violence by settlers against Palestinians. We continue to stress the importance of the Israeli security forces providing appropriate protection to the Palestinian civilian population. We call on the Israeli authorities to thoroughly investigate every instance and allegation of crimes against protected persons in the West Bank, and where appropriate bring those responsible to justice.

Jerusalem: Palestinians

Lord Judd: To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of reports that the government of Israel is planning to remove 37 Palestinian households from the Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan areas of East Jerusalem; and what action are they taking, both unilaterally and multilaterally, to preventany such removals.

Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon: We regularly make clear our concerns about the evictions of Palestinians from their homes in East Jerusalem to the Israeli authorities and the Municipality of Jerusalem, both bilaterally and in co-operation with like-minded diplomatic partners. The Fourth Geneva Convention, which applies to all occupied territories, including East Jerusalem, prohibits demolitions or forced evictions absent military necessity.The UK Ambassador in Tel Aviv raised ongoing demolitions with the Israeli Authorities in a meeting alongside like-minded partners on 25 February 2021. The Minister of State for the Middle East and North Africa raised the issue of evictions of Palestinians from their homes, with the Israeli Ambassador to the UK on 29 October 2020, and the British Embassy in Tel Aviv raises this issue regularly with the Israeli authorities. UK officials from the British Consulate in Jerusalem have made regular visits to areas at risk of demolition and eviction to reiterate UK support for those communities. On 25 November 2020, the UK Consul General Jerusalem visited families at risk of eviction in Sheikh Jarrah, restating UK opposition to evictions of Palestinians from their homes.

Trident Missiles

Lord Hylton: To ask Her Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the compatibility of lifting the cap on the number of Trident nuclear warheads the UK can stockpile with their obligations under Article 6 of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; and what effect they expect this action to have on nuclear disarmament.

Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon: Maintaining and renewing elements of the UK's nuclear deterrent capability is fully consistent with our international legal obligations, including those under Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). The UK remains committed to the step-by-step approach to nuclear disarmament under the framework of the NPT, and the long-term goal of a world without nuclear weapons.

Election Observers

Baroness Kennedy of Cradley: To ask Her Majesty's Government to which international elections the UK has sent observers in each year from 2015 to 2020.

Lord Ahmad of Wimbledon: We do not hold a central database of information related to the number of UK observers who have engaged on elections overseas.

Ministry of Defence

Russia: China

The Marquess of Lothian: To ask Her Majesty's Government when the Prime Minister last spoke to (1) the President of Russia, and (2) the President of China, about the military presence of those countries within the Arctic Circle; and what discussions they have had with (a) the government of Russia, and (b) the government of China, at any ministerial level about that issue.

Baroness Goldie: The UK's primary objective in the Arctic is to maintain the region as one characterised by high levels of international cooperation and low tensions. We support the Arctic Council and continue to play an active role in its work as a state observer, and are committed to working with our partners to ensure that increasing access to the region and its resources is managed safely, sustainably and responsibly. Russia and China's military presence in the Arctic has not been part of any recent Prime Ministerial or Ministerial discussions.

Frigates: Procurement

Lord West of Spithead: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many frigates they plan to be in commission on(1) 1 April 2026, and (2) 1 April 2027.

Baroness Goldie: Shipbuilding investment will double over the life of this Parliament rising to over £1.7 billion a year; this investment will allow us to increase the number of Frigates and Destroyers beyond the 19 we currently have by the end of the decade. Orders for the Type 26 and Type 31 Frigates have already been placed and will be introduced from around the mid-late 2020s.

Indo-Pacific Region: Navy

Lord Hylton: To ask Her Majesty's Government what plans they have, if any, to establish a permanent naval force in the (1) Indian, and (2) Pacific, oceans; if so, where they intend to establish dockyards to conduct repairs for those forces; and whether such forces would be protected by permanent air defences.

Baroness Goldie: In support of the strategic tilt toward the Indo-Pacific announced by Her Majesty’s Government in the Integrated Review (CP 403) on 16 March 2021, the Ministry of Defence plans to establish a persistent maritime presence in the Indo-Pacific region. On 22 March 2021, the Secretary of State for Defence outlined a plan to Parliament (CP 411) to deliver this through Offshore Patrol Vessels from 2021, a Littoral Response Group from 2023 and a permanently assigned Frigate by the end of the decade. These forces will intentionally operate asymmetrically, without a nominated base. They will use existing UK, allied and partner facilities around the region enabled by our existing global support agreements. Consequently, no permanent air defences are required.

Defence: Finance

Lord Sikka: To ask Her Majesty's Government whether they will publish the financial contributions made by (1) the Crown Dependencies, and (2) Overseas Territories, to the annual defence budget of the United Kingdom.

Baroness Goldie: The annual defence budget is funded entirely from the Supply Estimates process. Supply Estimates are the means by which the Government seeks Parliament's authority for its spending plans. The Estimates reflect the HM-Treasury budgetary control structure and where appropriate are net of certain types of income where this can be used to reduce the overall amount of resource required by the Department. Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories do not provide a direct contribution to the annual defence budget of the United Kingdom. Records show that there is a very small amount of income received during Financial Year 2020-21 that has been received from the Government of Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories. This is for actual services supplied to those Governments for which the Ministry of Defence has sought reimbursement on a full cost recovery basis.

Penally Camp

Lord Roberts of Llandudno: To ask Her Majesty's Government how the Ministry of Defence will use Penally training camp once it is returned to them by the Home Office on 21 March.

Baroness Goldie: Following the completion of a successful handover from the Home Office to the Ministry of Defence (MOD), the intent is to return Penally Training Camp to its primary purpose; providing accommodation and catering facilities to Defence users who will be utilising MOD training facilities in the local area.

Home Office

Georgia

Lord Wharton of Yarm: To ask Her Majesty's Government what steps they are is taking to agree a visa-free facilitation regime with the government of Georgia.

Baroness Williams of Trafford: Decisions on changes to the visa regime are taken following thorough consultation across government and reflect key facets of the bilateral relationship with the country concerned. These often include security, compliance, returns, and prosperity.There are no current plans to change the visa regime for Georgia.

Asylum: Napier Barracks

Lord Roberts of Llandudno: To ask Her Majesty's Government when they plan to relocate all asylum seekers who are housed at Napier Barracks.

Baroness Williams of Trafford: The current global pandemic has presented us with significant challenges when it comes to the provision of asylum accommodation, including sourcing sufficient suitable accommodation to meet demand.The use of hotels and wider government facilities as contingency accommodation are a short-term measure. We are working to move people to longer-term dispersal accommodation as soon as it becomes available.

Asylum: Military Bases

Lord Hylton: To ask Her Majesty's Government whether the number of residents at Napier Barracks and Penally training camp has reduced since 12 March; how many residents have tested positive for COVID-19; and when they expect to provide adequate accommodation for all residents.

Baroness Williams of Trafford: The number of residents at Napier has reduced since 12 March 2021.Due to the closure of Penally Training Camp, the accommodation providers Clearsprings Ready Homes (CRH) have moved all remaining asylum seekers as of the 21 March.197 people accommodated at Napier tested positive for coronavirus earlier this year. There have been no recorded cases at Penally.All asylum seekers who would otherwise be destitute are provided with safe, suitable, fit for purpose and correctly equipped accommodation.

Overseas Students: Myanmar

Baroness Nye: To ask Her Majesty's Government how many Myanmar citizens are currently in the UK on student visas.

Baroness Williams of Trafford: Home Office Migration Statistics do not capture the number of Myanmar citizens currently in the UK on student visas.The Home Office does though publish data on how many study applications were issued for Myanmar citizens. These can be found in our published statistics:https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/immigration-statistics-year-ending-december-2020/how-many-people-come-to-the-uk-each-year-including-visitors

Common Travel Area: Undocumented Migrants

Lord Dodds of Duncairn: To ask Her Majesty's Government what measures they have taken to ensure that people who are not permittedtoenter the UKare prevented entry when they seek to enter throughthe Common Travel Area via theRepublic of Ireland.

Lord Dodds of Duncairn: To ask Her Majesty's Government what monitoring arrangements are in place to ensure that the law relating to entry to, and departure from, the UK of non-UK citizens is enforced in the Common Travel Area.

Baroness Williams of Trafford: As part of the Common Travel Area (CTA) arrangements, the UK does not operate routine immigration controls on journeys from within the CTA, with no immigration checks whatsoever on the Northern Ireland-Ireland land border. However, everyone entering the UK, regardless of where they enter from, is required to meet UK immigration framework. The UK does conduct intelligence-led controls on CTA routes, including away from the land border in Northern Ireland. This is to detect those who intend to abuse CTA arrangements. Anyone identified attempting to circumvent UK border controls is liable to be removed, if they are not lawfully present within the UK. We also work closely with Ireland to secure the external CTA border, including data sharing and operational co-operation.